Systemic therapy - which may be intravenous or oral treatment - is most commonly used for metastatic cancers. The treatment plan is determined by the type of cancer, where it has spread, and the patient’s other health issues. There are many treatments for metastatic cancer. Metastatic cancer is diagnosed with imaging (CT scans, MRIs, and/or PET scans) to determine the extent of disease and with a biopsy of a tumor so that a pathologist can identify the specific type of cancer. How is metastatic cancer diagnosed and treated at MSK? For example, a patient with liver metastases might have elevated liver enzymes that are otherwise unexplained. Other times, patients may not report any symptoms, but we detect an abnormality on their blood work. Metastatic cancer can also cause general symptoms like unexplained weight loss, severe fatigue, or night sweats. Cancer that has spread to the lung might cause a cough or shortness of breath. For example, cancer that has spread to the bones may cause pain. The symptoms vary dramatically depending on the person, the type of cancer, and where it has spread. What are the symptoms of metastatic cancer? Scientists at MSK are studying how and why this happens, with the goal of finding ways to prevent it. Metastasis or metastatic cancer occurs when cancer cells break off from the tumor where they originated, travel through the bloodstream or lymph vessels, and establish new tumors in another part of the body. How does cancer spread from one part of the body to another? Similarly, colon cancer that has spread to the liver is still colon cancer, not liver cancer, and is treated with colon cancer therapies. Prostate cancer that has metastasized to the bones is still treated like prostate cancer, where we use treatments that may include hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. For example, prostate cancer that has spread to the bones is not the same as cancer that started in the bones, known as primary bone cancer (of which there are several types, including osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma). Metastatic cancers are considered stage 4.Įven after cancer has invaded another organ, it is still identified by the place where it developed. Metastatic cancer occurs when cancer cells spread from the organ where they started to a distant part of the body. Feld, who sees patients at MSK Commack on Long Island, specializes in treating patients with genitourinary cancers, including tumors of the prostate, bladder, kidneys, and testicles. In this Q&A, medical oncologist Emily Feld talks about how metastatic cancer is diagnosed and treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK). But once cancer spreads, or metastasizes, to other parts of the body, it becomes much harder to stop. Mrs Obot, according to the lawyer, veered off the case to talk about Mr Effiong.Many tumors can be eliminated with surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and other treatments. “I saw the letter, and I did order that you should make a formal application so that the other party can respond, but you evaded service of that process,” Mr Asuquo quoted the judge to have said. The lawyer said Mrs Obot took on him when he reminded her of a letter from their chambers that she should transfer the case to another judge. Mr Asuquo said he had a shocking experience on 21 June when he appeared on behalf of Mr Effiong before Mrs Obot in the defamation matter. Mr Effiong, who is based in Lagos State, Nigeria’s South-west, is a counsel to another lawyer, Leo Ekpenyong, in a defamation suit in which the Akwa Ibom State Governor, Udom Emmanuel, is the claimant. Several people and groups, including the Nigerian Bar Association, have condemned the judge’s action as being arbitrary and unconstitutional. The lawyer, Augustine Asuquo, who is the head of Inibehe Effiong Chambers in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, disclosed this in a press statement he issued on 28 July, shortly after Mrs Obot committed Mr Effiong to prison for alleged contempt. A lawyer has narrated how the Akwa Ibom Chief Judge, Ekaette Obot, once described in a derogatory manner the incarcerated human rights lawyer, Inibehe Effiong, as a “lousy boy”.
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